For most Ugandans under 40, Yoweri Museveni is the only president they have ever known. He came to power in 1986 after a guerrilla war and has ruled for nearly four decades. Now, at 81, Museveni is seeking a seventh term.
Supporters praise him for bringing stability and development. Critics, however, say he has weakened democracy by tightening his grip on power.
From Rebel Leader to Long-Serving President
Museveni was born in western Uganda in 1944. He later studied in Tanzania, where he developed strong political views. After Idi Amin seized power in 1971, Museveni joined efforts to remove him. Amin’s rule was brutal, and thousands were killed.
When Milton Obote returned to power through elections, Museveni rejected the results. As a result, he launched a guerrilla war in 1981. Five years later, his National Resistance Movement took control of Uganda.
At first, many Ugandans welcomed his leadership. The economy improved. School enrolment increased. HIV infections fell due to strong public campaigns.
Because of this, Museveni earned praise from Western governments.
A Change in Attitude Toward Power
However, Museveni once warned African leaders against staying too long in office. He famously said Africa’s problem was leaders who refused to leave power.
Later, his position changed.
In 2005, Uganda removed presidential term limits. In 2017, Parliament also removed the age limit for candidates. These changes cleared the way for Museveni to rule indefinitely.
Since then, critics have accused him of turning Uganda into a one-man state.
Institutions Under Pressure
Over the years, concerns have grown about the independence of key institutions.
The judiciary has faced accusations of political influence. At times, judges who ruled against the government have clashed with security forces. The media, while active, has also suffered raids, closures, and arrests.
Meanwhile, opposition leaders have faced repeated harassment.
Kizza Besigye, once Museveni’s ally, has been arrested many times. In 2024, he disappeared in Kenya before reappearing in a Ugandan military court. He remains in custody.
Bobi Wine, a popular musician-turned-politician, has also faced arrests and violence. During elections, police have used tear gas, bullets, and mass arrests against his supporters.
Despite this, Museveni often speaks about maintaining peace and order.
Stability Versus Democracy
Supporters argue that Museveni has kept Uganda stable. Uganda now hosts millions of refugees from neighbouring countries. Foreign investors are returning. The government aims to make Uganda a middle-income country by 2040.
Moreover, Museveni presents himself as a caring elder figure to young people. He calls them Bazukulu, meaning grandchildren. He also often displays his physical fitness to show he remains strong.
Nevertheless, critics worry about succession.
Museveni’s wife serves as education minister. His son, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, leads the army. His grandson has also joined the military. Many Ugandans fear Uganda is slowly becoming a family dynasty.
The Muhoozi Question
Muhoozi is widely seen as Museveni’s possible successor. However, his behaviour on social media has raised concerns. He has joked about invading neighbouring countries and made controversial political statements.
If he takes power, analysts warn that Uganda could face new instability.
Why Museveni Still Wants Power
Museveni believes only he can guarantee security and growth. He says Uganda is safe under his leadership. He urges voters to support him again.
Yet many young Ugandans disagree. They want change. They want jobs, freedom, and accountability. They want leaders who respect institutions and limits.
A Nation at a Turning Point
Uganda now stands at a crossroads.
On one side is stability built over decades. On the other is a growing demand for political renewal.
Museveni once criticised leaders who refused to step aside. Today, he risks becoming the very example he once warned Africa about.
Whether Ugandans choose continuity or change will shape the country’s future for generations.