The long-standing diplomatic ties between Ethiopia and Somalia have been severely tested following Ethiopia’s controversial maritime agreement with Somaliland. Somalia has strongly condemned the deal, viewing it as an attack on its sovereignty, while Ethiopia argues it is a strategic move for economic expansion. The dispute threatens regional stability in the Horn of Africa and has drawn international attention.
The Ethiopia-Somaliland Deal
In early 2024, Ethiopia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, a self-declared independent region of Somalia, granting Ethiopia access to the port of Berbera in exchange for potential recognition of Somaliland’s independence. This agreement has angered Somalia, which considers Somaliland an integral part of its territory.
Somalia’s Response and Regional Impact
Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has rejected the deal, calling it a violation of Somalia’s sovereignty. In response, Somalia:
- Cut diplomatic ties with Ethiopia and recalled its ambassador.
- Mobilized regional and international allies, including the African Union, Arab League, and the UN, to condemn Ethiopia’s actions.
- Strengthened military presence near the Ethiopia-Somalia border, increasing fears of escalation.
Ethiopia’s Justification
Ethiopia, a landlocked nation, has long sought sea access to boost its economy and reduce reliance on Djibouti’s ports. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has defended the deal, arguing that it serves Ethiopia’s national interests and aligns with regional economic integration goals. However, Addis Ababa has also indicated willingness to engage in dialogue to ease tensions.
Regional and International Reactions
- The African Union (AU) has urged both nations to resolve their differences peacefully.
- The Arab League strongly supports Somalia, emphasizing its territorial integrity.
- The United States and the European Union have expressed concerns, calling for diplomatic solutions.
- The crisis remains unresolved, with Somalia demanding Ethiopia withdraw from the agreement. High-level negotiations, including a possible mediation effort by the AU or IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development), are expected in the coming weeks.
The Ethiopia-Somalia dispute has raised fears of further instability in the Horn of Africa, a region already grappling with security threats, economic challenges, and geopolitical rivalries.